链式开沟机设计文献综述

 2022-08-04 10:08

摘要:链式开沟机在近几年有了较多发展,特别是林果业,在开沟方面,它的特点是开沟深度与宽度可调节,较人工和挖掘机有更高的作业效率和经济效益。从开沟的机理上可以把开沟分为两种:即链式开沟和旋转开沟。前者的工作部件不旋转,直接由动力牵引,开沟速度快、效率高,但一般深度较小,土壤硬度不能太大,否则沟形难以保证;后者工作部件旋转,称为铣削式开沟,沟形规整、适合各种土壤,但效率较低。因此,我们需要向链式开沟机发展。国外目前开沟的机械化水平相对较高;国内起步较晚,本文就链式开沟机目前的研究现状与存在的问题,描述如何提高效率,与林果业更好的结合。

关键字:链式开沟机;林果业;提高效率

Present situation and research progress of Chain Ditcher

Abstract:Chain ditcher has more development in recent years, especially in horticulture, in terms of furrowing, its characteristic is open groove depth and width can be adjusted, the artificial and excavators have higher working efficiency and economic benefits From trenching mechanism can be divided into two kinds: the furrowing the trenching chain trenching and rotation The working parts of the former does not rotate, directly by the dynamic traction, furrowing speed High efficiency, but generally smaller depth, soil hardness cannot too big, otherwise the groove shape is difficult to guarantee; The latter working parts rotating, called milling type furrowing, furrowed neat Suitable for all kinds of soil, but the efficiency is low The mechanization level of the furrowing abroad is relative taller; Started relatively late in domestic, in this paper, the chain ditcher the current research status and existing problems, and describes how to improve the efficiency, combined with fruit better.

Key words: Chain ditcher; forest and fruit industry; increase efficiency

1.前言

链式开沟机这个概念,也许对某些人来说还很陌生,然而它却是目前及今后农村工程应用较广泛的机具之一。开沟机工作时,在输入链轮的驱动下,主轴回转,并带动其上的主动链轮转动,链条紧边上的刀片沿机架向上运动并切削土壤,切削下来的土壤在刀片带动下绕过主动链轮卸载,卸载后的刀片沿机架上侧往下运动,绕过从动链轮后继续切削土壤,如此连续不断的工作。在主动链轮处落下来的土壤,经过侧而的螺旋排土器被分到沟的一侧,开沟机同时前行,形成沟槽。当需要改变沟宽和沟深时,只要改变刀具的数量和排列规则,利用增加或减少垫块来增大或减小沟宽度和沟深。该机对不同土壤有较强的适应性,适用于果园、农田作物和蔬菜基地的开沟作业。它的特点是开沟深度与宽度可调节,较人工和挖掘机有更高的作业效率(是挖掘机的3-5倍,自走式的效率更高)和经济效益,能够广泛应用于果园开沟施肥,种植山药、中药材等深根作物,又可用于葡萄埋藤越冬或园林育苗移栽,在城镇中还可用于铺设管线和电缆等。

1.挂接机构 ;2.输入链轮;3.升降-张紧组合;4.主动链轮;5.链条;6.刀片;7.机架组合;8.链刀组合;9.刮土机构;10.从动链轮;11.从动轴组合;12.主轴组合;13.螺旋排土器

图1 链条示意图

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