基于多源遥感的城市绿地降温效应分析
The Analysis of Urban Green Space Cooling Effects Using Multi-source Remotely Sensed Data
摘 要
近年来，随着快速城市化的发展，城市建成区面积不断地扩大，越来越多的建筑、道路取代了植被、水体，随之产生了当前城市面临的一个重要问题——城市热岛效应。城市热岛效应是由很多因素造成的，其中最重要的影响因素是城市下垫面的改变，还有城市结构的改变、人为热排放、大气污染等人为因素，也有一些自然因素如地理环境、天气条件等共同影响形成了城市热岛效应。绿地对城市热岛效应有一定的缓解作用，主要集中在绿地的作用机制、工作原理、绿地布置等方面。在研究城市绿地对热岛效应的缓解效应分析时可以结合多源遥感进行分析，遥感技术应用于热岛研究主要是利用了遥感影像的热波段反演温度。遥感图像上的植被信息，通常使用植被指数来反映。论文从城市绿地降温效应与城市热岛关系研究、地表温度反演和绿地植被指数提取三个方面进行论述，对国内研究进行了总结评述，并在此基础上讨论了目前城市绿地降温效应研究存在问题，对未来研究进行了展望，以为后期更为深入的提供参考和借鉴。
Abstract
Recently, with the developing of urbanisation and extending of urban area, more and more buildings and roads replaced vegetation and surface water so that there is a serious problem that cities are facing—Urban Heating Island Effect. There are a lot of reasons leading to urban heating island effect. The most significant reason is the change of urban underlying surface. In addition, human factors such as changes in urban structure, man-made thermal discharge, atmospheric contamination etc. and natural factors such as geographical factors, weather conditions etc. also cause urban heating island effect. Urban green spaces which focus on mechanism of action, operating principle, planning of green spaces have relaxation effect to urban heating island effect. When study at the relaxation effect of green spaces to urban heating island, we can analysis with the method of remote sensing technology. For heating island research, it uses the thermal band of image to retrieve temperature. For vegetation data of image, vegetation index can explain the information. This paper examined research progress in the relationship of urban green space cooling effect and urban heating island, surface temperature retrieval and green vegetation index to explore the potential of urban green space cooling effect and provide the references for deep exploration in the future.
关键词：城市热岛； 遥感； 城市绿地； 植被指数； 降温效应
Keyword: Urban Heating Island; Remote Sense; Urban Green Spaces; Vegetation Index; Cooling Effect
引言
近年来，随着快速城市化的发展，城市建成区面积不断地扩大，越来越多的建筑、道路取代了植被、水体，随之产生了当前城市面临的一个重要问题——城市热岛效应。城市热岛是指由于城市化所引起的城市地表及大气温度高于周边非城市环境的一种现象。而使城市热岛形成和加强的效应，即称为“城市热岛效应”。
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