预制装配式住宅文献综述报告
近年来，随着我国经济技术的飞速发展以及社会的不断进步，我国的建筑行业建设有了长足的飞跃，其使用的施工技术种类也得到了很大程度的发展。其中,混凝土装配式住宅施工技术了得到了政府以及整个建筑行业圈内的重视和发展。究其原因，则是因为近几年党和政府大力推进绿色施工，我国建筑业正向着环保、低耗、可持续的方向发展。同时我国房地产业的发展已经从单纯地追求数量、速度向追求居住环境、绿色健康的方向转换。装配式建筑特别是装配式住宅则是完成这一转换的主要方式。我国“十三五”规划以及19 号文中都提到要促进建筑业绿色、持续、健康发展，推广预制构件使用，大力发展装配式住宅，力争用10年左右的时间，实现装配式建筑面积中的比例达到30%，这无疑是装配式建筑发展的一大契机。本文主要阐述了装配式住宅的概念、技术优势、制约因素，以及其施工要点和未来的展望。
关键词：装配式住宅；技术优势；制约与不足；施工要点；未来展望
Abstract
In recent years, with the rapid development of China#39;s economic and technological as well as social progress, China#39;s construction industry has made great leap construction. Among them, the construction technology of concrete-assembled houses has received attention and development within the government and the entire construction industry. The reason is that the party and the government have vigorously promoted green construction in recent years, and China#39;s construction industry is developing in an environmentally friendly, low-consumption and sustainable direction. At the same time, the development of China#39;s real estate industry has changed from simply pursuing quantity and speed to pursuing living environment and green health. Prefabricated buildings, especially fabricated houses, are the primary means of accomplishing this conversion. China#39;s '13th Five-Year Plan' and the 19th article all mentioned the need to promote the green, sustainable and healthy development of the construction industry, promote the use of prefabricated components, and vigorously develop prefabricated houses. Strive to achieve 30% of the assembled building area in about 10 years. This is undoubtedly a great opportunity for the development of fabricated buildings. This paper mainly expounds the concept, technical advantages, constraints of the assembly house, as well as its construction points and future prospects.
Key words: Prefabricated house; Technical advantages; Constraints and deficiencies; Construction points; Future prospects
1.前言
装配式建筑是指将建筑构件通过图纸“装配式”深化后在构件加工厂进行标准化集中预制、集中养护,然后运输到建筑物装配施工现场,将标准化构件通过可靠的连接方式组装而建成的建筑,是图纸设计标准化、预制生产工业化、装配安装机械化、施工管理信息化的现代化建造方式。装配式住宅体现了设计规范化、预制件制造机械化、现场组装流程化、装修一体化等特点，其管理过程科学、智能、信息化，能有效避免传统现浇建造过程中出现的质量通病弊端'，其生产速率快、装配效率高、节能减排、环境污染低，与“四节一环保”的绿色健康发展理念相吻合。然而我国装配式发展过程中政策法规不完善、装配率低、成本高等问题还需要进一步去完善。目前,装配式建筑在西方主要发达国家得到了广泛应用，但在我国仍然以传统的现浇施工作业为主，新建建筑中装配式建筑的占比很低,约为5%,与国际先进水平相比差距很大。但我相信，在政府、社会大环境的推动下，装配式建筑必将得到长足的发展与进步。
2.发展历程
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