树木移动热处理装置设计
摘要: 在林业生态系统中，病虫害是发生比较频繁的一种自然灾害，严重影响园林工程的发展。在现代城市建设规划中，园林树木是城市环境绿化的重要组成部分。但因各种原因导致园林树木病虫害频发，不仅影响了树木的美观性，也降低了树木的寿命。此外，林果类树木每年也会因为病虫害使其产量大打折扣，严重影响果农的经济收入。本文通过树木病虫害的分布及危害，分析了树木主要病虫害的发病原因和传播方式。针对国内研究现状，综述了物理防治、化学防治和生物防治等方法，对于现存的热处理防治进行分析并提出相应的问题，提出研究典型种属和树龄的树木热处理条件、开展不同传热介质在树体的传热研究、开发适用于树木病虫害快速热处理装置与自动行走装置相结合研究、开展热处理和化学防治相结合的病虫害综合防治方法研究等建议，为我国的病虫害绿色防治技术提供可能。
关键词：树木病虫害；危害；防治技术；热处理；移动
Literature review on heat treatment of trees.
Abstract:In forestry ecosystem, pests and diseases are frequent natural disasters, which seriously affect the development of landscape engineering. In modern urban construction planning, landscape trees are an important part of urban environmental greening. However, the frequent occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests caused by various reasons not only affects the aesthetics of trees, but also reduces the life span of trees. In addition, the annual yield of fruit trees will be greatly reduced because of pests and diseases, which seriously affects the economic income of fruit farmers. Through the distribution and harm of tree diseases and insect pests, this paper analyzed the causes and transmission modes of main tree diseases and insect pests. In view of the current research situation in China, the methods of physical control, chemical control and biological control were summarized, and the existing heat treatment control was analyzed and the corresponding problems were put forward. The heat treatment conditions of typical species and tree age were studied, the heat transfer of different heat transfer media in tree body was studied, and the combination of rapid heat treatment device for tree diseases and insect pests and automatic walking device was developed. Suggestions on integrated pest and disease control methods combining heat treatment and chemical control will provide the possibility for green pest and disease control technology in China.
Keywords: Tree diseases and insect pests;harm; prevention and control technology; heat treatment;mobile device
1、 课题研究目的和意义
在林业生态系统中，病虫害是发生比较频繁的一种自然灾害，严重影响园林工程的发展。在现代城市建设规划中，园林树木是城市环境绿化的重要组成部分。但因各种原因导致园林树木病虫害频发，不仅影响了树木的美观性，也降低了树木的寿命。此外，林果类树木每年也会因为病虫害使其产量大打折扣，严重影响果农的经济收入。因此，要减少林业树木病虫害带来的损失，就要掌握园林树木病虫害防治中的绿色技术，保障林木的健康生长。树木病虫害的种类多种多样，对树木造成的伤害也不尽相同。下面分析了常见树种的易发生的病虫害及其变现症状和危害。
1.1树木主要病虫害和当前防治措施
1.1.1叶枯病
叶枯病是一类已发生在树木叶片的病害,此类病菌躲在土壤或寄主身上过冬,通过风或者雨来传播给树木的苍老的叶子或者颓弱的树枝。蒋桂芝对云南澳洲坚果主产区叶枯病进行采样调查和病原菌分离，得到了216个菌落。其中，81.9%为拟盘多毛孢（Pestalotiopsis spp.），12.5%为炭疽菌，0.6%为拟茎点霉。致病性测定结果显示，拟盘多毛孢具有较强的致病性，为叶枯病主要病原菌[1]。枯叶病发病初始,叶面会产生黄绿色的小斑点,发病严重 后,斑点逐渐增大,连成一片,斑点的边缘多呈紫色状,继续发展会出现一些黑的小点,患病叶片的边缘部分看上去类似火烧过的样貌, 危害树木的生长。
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